3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #121 R1- 2504696
St. Julian’s, Malta, May 19th – 23rd, 2025
Source: Moderator (Intel Corporation)
Title: Data source descriptions for 7 – 24 GHz SI
Agenda item: 9.8
Document for: Information
Coversheet
In RAN Plenary #102, study for channel modeling verification for 7 – 24 GHz was approved [1]. The Study includes two objectives as described below.
Validate using measurements the channel model of TR38.901 at least for 7-24 GHz
Note: Only stochastic channel model is considered for the validation.
Note: The validation may consider all existing scenarios: UMi-street canyon, UMa, Indoor-Office, RMa and Indoor-Factory.
Adapt/extend as necessary the channel model of TR38.901 at least for 7-24 GHz, including at least the following aspects for applicable scenarios:
Near-field propagation (with consideration being given to consistency between near-field and far-field)
Spatial non-stationarity
Note 1: Continuity of the channel model in the frequency domain below 7 GHz and above 24 GHz shall be ensured.
Note 2: Mathematical and/or theoretical aspects (if any) may be studied before results of measurement campaigns are available. While measurement results may be available and submitted at any time, the study of measurement results may start later (e.g., Q3 2024).
This document is the coversheet for the excel spreadsheet for collecting measurement descriptions for 7 – 24 GHz channel modeling efforts. The attached excel sheet provides measurement/simulation descriptions for the SI.
Executive Summary of Changes
Based on measurement data provided, RAN1 concludes that following channel modeling parameters are validated and no updates to the TR are made.
Pathloss
InH-Office LOS and NLOS
RMa LOS and NLOS
InF LOS and NLOS
UMi LOS and NLOS
Delay Spread
InH LOS and NLOS
Shadow fading
InH LOS and NLOS
UMi NLOS
Angular spread
UMa LOS ZSD
UMa NLOS ZSD
For the following channel modeling parameters, sources have observed both consistent and different measurements compared with model in TR38.901 v18.0.0. Due to lack of consensus, the following channel modeling parameters are not updated.
Pathloss
UMa LOS and NLOS
Delay spread
InF LOS and NLOS
Angular spread
ASD, ASA, ZSA, and ZSD of InH LOS and NLOS
ZSD of UMi LOS and NLOS
Shadow fading
UMi LOS
While measurement of ZSD for rural macrocell deployments from a source observed lower ZSD values compared to ZSD for RMa at shorter distances, and measurement of ASD for rural macrocell deployments from a source observed lower ZSD values compared to ASD for RMa, there was no consensus to update RMa ASD and ZSD parameters due to lack of measurement data for each of LOS, NLOS, and O2I cases.
For the following channel modeling parameters, RAN1 has identified necessary updates at least for 6 – 24 GHz frequency range. The updated parameter was generated using all measurement and ray tracing data set from Rel-14 SI and (current) Rel-19 SI. The data points were divided into 3 groups, below 6 GHz, 6 to 24 GHz, and above 24 GHz and weighted for processing. The data sets for each group was used to perform weighted least square curve fit. If a group has fewer data points, higher weight per data point is calculated. All points within a group have same weight. Sum of weights for all groups is equal to 1. Each group is given equal weightage.
Delay spread
UMi LOS and NLOS
UMa LOS and NLOS
Angular spread
ASA, ASD, ZSA of UMi LOS and NLOS
ASA, ASD, ZSA of UMa LOS and NLOS
Cluster ASD of UMa LOS, NLOS, and O2I
ASD of UMa O2I
For ASD of UMa O2I scenario, the update parameters were generated from scaling of updated NLOS UMa O2I value with the ratio of NLOS UMa NLOS and O2I measurement data fit from (current) Rel-19 SI at 3.7 GHz. UMa O2I ASD values of Rel-14 TR38.901 used values from UMa O2I ASD values of TR36.873. UMa O2I ASD values of TR36.873 used UMi O2I ASD values from ITU-RM.2135-1. IMT-2020 modeling used the same values from TR36.873. TR25.996 does not contain UMa O2I values. The UMi O2I ASD parameters were derived from Winner II report.
For Cluster AoD spread of UMa LOS, NLOS, and O2I scenarios, the update parameter for LOS and NLOS was generated using all measurement and ray tracing data set from Rel-14 SI and (current) Rel-19 SI and dividing the data points into 3 groups, below 6 GHz, 6 to 24 GHz, and above 24 GHz, and weighting the data sets for each group to perform weighted least square curve fit. If a group has fewer data points, higher weight per data point is calculated. All points within a group have same weight. Sum of weights for all groups is equal to 1. Each group is given equal weightage. The update parameters were generated from scaling of updated NLOS UMa O2I value with the ratio of NLOS UMa NLOS and O2I measurement data fit from (current) Rel-19 SI at 3.7 GHz.
The number of clusters for UMi was taken from Winner II which used the 95% CDF of the number of clusters assuming K-mean clustering algorithm for counting number of clusters.
For material penetration loss model, IRR glass penetration loss model was updated based on single coating for IRR glass. For other materials, standard multi-panel glass, concrete, and wood, model was not updated. However, reference thickness of the materials were clarified. New material penetration loss model for plywood has been agreed.
Angle scaling and shifting for CDL based channel model for link-level evaluations was corrected and updated.
The number of clusters for UMi was taken from Winner II which appears to have use the 95%-tile value from the CDF of the number of clusters assuming K-mean clustering algorithm for counting number of clusters. For UMa NLOS case, the 90%-tile and maximum number of cluster measurements from sources was observed to be aligned. For UMa LOS and UMi LOS cases, the 90%-tile and maximum number of cluster measurements from sources was observed to be marginally higher than the values in current TR38.901 by 1 to 6 clusters. For InH LOS, InH NLOS, UMi NLOS, the 90%-tile and maximum number of cluster measurements from sources was observed to be marginally lower than the values in current TR38.901 by 1 to 6 clusters. For UMa LOS/NLOS, UMi LOS/NLOS, and InH LOS/NLOS cases, the mean number of cluster measurements were significantly lower than values in current TR38.901.
For other fast fading channel model parameters not mentioned above, no observation and conclusions are made due to lack of measurement data inputs.
Beyond changes to the existing channel model, the following new components were added:
new deployment scenario, suburban macro (SMa),
new antenna model for handheld UT and consumer premise equipment (CPE) UT,
absolute time of arrival modeling for InH, UMi, UMa, RMa, and SMa,
nearfield channel propagation,
spatial non-stationarity modeling for BS and UT.
References
RP-234018, “New SID: Study on channel modelling enhancements for 7-24GHz for NR”, Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell, RAN#102, December 2023. |
Conclusion
For near-field channel, to generate the for non-direct paths:
No additional lower bound (i.e., ) of is defined.
Agreement
In the Indoor office scenario for near-field channel, = 4.
Agreement
In the Indoor factory scenarios, to generate the non-direct path for the near-field channel model:
= 4;
For the non-direct paths, the distribution of scaling factor is a Beta distribution with
Agreement
For the modelling of spatial non-stationarity, if the unified visible probability and visibility region based approach is adopted, to generate the power attenuation factor for clusters with SNS, the value of C (i.e., the roll-off factor between the visible and invisible regions) is:
C= 13 for UMa.
Agreement
For the modelling of spatial non-stationarity, the visibility region, i.e., a rectangle, is randomly located at a corner of the antenna array by following approach:
The location of the VR is jointly determined by following conditions:
The VR is located at either left or right part in horizontal domain of antenna array with equal probability of 1/2.
The probability of VR at the upper part of antenna array is [0.8] and the probability of VR at the lower part of antenna array is [0.2];
Agreement
For the calibration parameters for the near-field channel,
Agreement
The following assumption is used for UE side SNS calibration:
Agreement
The following assumption is used for BS side SNS calibration:
RAN1 #121 (May-2025)
Agreement
For the modelling of spatial non-stationarity, if the unified visible probability and visibility region based approach is adopted:
To calculate the power attenuation factor for the clusters with SNS, the definition of in RAN1#120bis agreement is revised as:
The denotes the coordinate of the antenna element out of VR region.
To generate the visibility region, the refers to the power of cluster generated by (7.5-6) in dB scale. In the case of LOS condition, the LOS path is considered as an additional cluster, and the power ratio of the LOS path to NLOS clusters follows the Ricean K-factor generated in Section 7.5.
Agreement
The following value in the agreement of RAN1#120bis is revised as:
The probability of VR at the upper part of antenna array is [0.8] 0.5 and the probability of VR at the lower part of antenna array is [0.2] 0.5;
Agreement
For the modelling of spatial non-stationarity, if the unified visible probability and visibility region based approach is adopted, the following parameters are adopted:
Agreement
To calculate the absolute time of arrival for and , the refers to the excess delay, which is only applicable
when it’s not in the LOS case, and generated according to the Section 7.6.9, otherwise is assumed to be 0.
Agreement
For the modelling of spatial non-stationarity at UE side, the value of the attenuation values for “Head and one hand grip” in the agreement made in RAN1#120bis is revised in Red:
Agreement
For the modelling of spatial non-stationarity, if the unified visible probability and visibility region based approach is adopted, the following parameters are adopted:
Agreement
For the following agreement made in RAN1#121, it’s to confirm that the “new blocker type/size” is only applicable for SNS.
Agreement
For the modelling of SNS, capture the following observation & recommendation in the CR:
In Rel-19 Channel Model study,
the VR/VP based approach is recommended to be used in the simulation except for the case where it is not applicable
From the perspective of the simulation requirements:
The physical blocker based approach can be considered for simulation where physical accuracy and consistency is desired.
The visibility region-based approach (i.e., Stochastic-based approach) can be considered for simulation where computational efficient SnS modelling is desired.
From the perspective of the model mechanism:
To reflect the SNS phenomenon due to partial blockage, the physical blocker-based approach can be considered in simulation.
To reflect the SNS phenomenon due to incomplete scattering, the visible probability and visibility region-based approach (i.e., Stochastic-based approach) can be considered in simulation.
Agreement
For the terminology used in the CR:
Keep the terminology “Near field channel model” with following updates, capturing the following TP in section 6.4:
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3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #121 R1- 2504791
St. Julian’s, Malta, May 19th – 23rd, 2025
Source: Intel Corporation, ZTE Corporation
Title: Calibration Results for 7 – 24 GHz SI
Agenda item: 9.8
Document for: Information
Coversheet
In RAN Plenary #102, study for channel modeling verification for 7 – 24 GHz was approved [1]. The Study includes two objectives as described below.
Validate using measurements the channel model of TR38.901 at least for 7-24 GHz
Note: Only stochastic channel model is considered for the validation.
Note: The validation may consider all existing scenarios: UMi-street canyon, UMa, Indoor-Office, RMa and Indoor-Factory.
Adapt/extend as necessary the channel model of TR38.901 at least for 7-24 GHz, including at least the following aspects for applicable scenarios:
Near-field propagation (with consideration being given to consistency between near-field and far-field)
Spatial non-stationarity
Note 1: Continuity of the channel model in the frequency domain below 7 GHz and above 24 GHz shall be ensured.
Note 2: Mathematical and/or theoretical aspects (if any) may be studied before results of measurement campaigns are available. While measurement results may be available and submitted at any time, the study of measurement results may start later (e.g., Q3 2024).
This document is the coversheet for the excel spreadsheet for collecting calibration results for 7 – 24 GHz channel modeling.
The submitted calibration results are based on calibration simulation assumptions available at end of RAN1 #120-bis meeting.
References
RP-234018, “New SID: Study on channel modelling enhancements for 7-24GHz for NR”, Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell, RAN#102, December 2023. |
3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #121 R1- 2504960
St. Julian’s, Malta, May 19th – 23rd, 2025
Source: Moderator (Intel Corporation)
Title: Data source descriptions for 7 – 24 GHz SI
Agenda item: 9.8
Document for: Information
Coversheet
In RAN Plenary #102, study for channel modeling verification for 7–24 GHz was approved [1]. The Study includes two objectives as described below.
Validate using measurements the channel model of TR38.901 at least for 7-24 GHz
Note: Only stochastic channel model is considered for the validation.
Note: The validation may consider all existing scenarios: UMi-street canyon, UMa, Indoor-Office, RMa and Indoor-Factory.
Adapt/extend as necessary the channel model of TR38.901 at least for 7-24 GHz, including at least the following aspects for applicable scenarios:
Near-field propagation (with consideration being given to consistency between near-field and far-field)
Spatial non-stationarity
Note 1: Continuity of the channel model in the frequency domain below 7 GHz and above 24 GHz shall be ensured.
Note 2: Mathematical and/or theoretical aspects (if any) may be studied before results of measurement campaigns are available. While measurement results may be available and submitted at any time, the study of measurement results may start later (e.g., Q3 2024).
This document is the coversheet of the excel spreadsheet, CM data source_v041.xlsx, for collecting measurement descriptions for 7–24 GHz channel modeling effort. The attached excel sheet, CM data source_v041.xlsx, provides measurement/simulation descriptions and data provided for the SI.
Executive Summary of Changes
Based on the measurement data provided in the SI, RAN1 concludes that the following channel modeling parameters are validated and no updates to the TR are made.
Pathloss
InH-Office LOS and NLOS
RMa LOS and NLOS
InF LOS and NLOS
UMi LOS and NLOS
Delay Spread
InH LOS and NLOS
Shadow fading
InH LOS and NLOS
UMi NLOS
Angular spread
UMa LOS ZSD
UMa NLOS ZSD
For the following channel modeling parameters, sources have observed both consistent and different results compared with the model in TR38.901 v18.0.0. Due to lack of consensus, the following channel modeling parameters are not updated.
Pathloss
UMa LOS and NLOS
Delay spread
InF LOS and NLOS
Angular spread
ASD, ASA, ZSA, and ZSD of InH LOS and NLOS
ZSD of UMi LOS and NLOS
Shadow fading
UMi LOS
While measurement of ZSD for rural macrocell deployments from a source observed lower ZSD values compared to ZSD for RMa at shorter distances, and measurement of ASD for rural macrocell deployments from a source observed lower ASD values compared to ASD for RMa, there was no consensus to update the RMa ASD and ZSD parameters due to lack of measurement data for each of LOS, NLOS, and O2I cases.
For the following channel modeling parameters, RAN1 has identified necessary updates at least for 6–24 GHz frequency range. The updated parameter was generated using all measurement and ray tracing data set from Rel-14 SI and (current) Rel-19 SI. The data points were divided into 3 groups, below 6 GHz, 6 to 24 GHz, and above 24 GHz and weighted for processing. The data sets for each group was used to perform weighted least square curve fit or compute the weighted mean. If a group has fewer data points, higher weight per data point is calculated. All the points within a group have same weight. Sum of weights for all groups is equal to 1. Each group is given equal weightage. The data used for updating the below parameters are captured in the excel spreadsheet, CM data source_v041.xlsx.
Delay spread
UMi LOS and NLOS
UMa LOS and NLOS
Angular spread
ASA, ASD, ZSA of UMi LOS and NLOS
ASA, ASD, ZSA of UMa LOS and NLOS
Cluster ASD of UMa LOS, NLOS, and O2I
ASD of UMa O2I
The UMa O2I ASD values of Rel-14 TR38.901 used values from UMa O2I ASD values of TR36.873. UMa O2I ASD values of TR36.873 used UMi O2I ASD values from ITU-RM.2135-1. The UMi O2I ASD parameters in ITU-RM.2135-1 were derived from Winner II report.. TR25.996 does not contain UMa O2I values.
For Cluster ASD spread of UMa LOS, NLOS, and O2I scenarios, the updated parameter for LOS and NLOS was generated using all measurement and ray tracing data set from Rel-14 SI and (current) Rel-19 SI and dividing the data points into 3 groups, below 6 GHz, 6 to 24 GHz, and above 24 GHz, and weighting the data sets for each group to compute the weighted mean. If a group has fewer data points, higher weight per data point is calculated. All points within a group have same weight. Sum of weights for all groups is equal to 1. Each group is given equal weightage.
For material penetration loss model, IRR glass penetration loss model was updated based on a single coating for IRR glass. For other materials, standard multi-panel glass, concrete, and wood, the material penetration loss models were not updated. However, reference thickness of the materials were clarified. New material penetration loss model for plywood has been introduced and the data used for introducing this model is present in CM data source_v041.xlsx.
Angle scaling and shifting for CDL based channel model for link-level evaluations was corrected and updated.
The number of clusters for UMi in TR 38.901 v18.0.0 was taken from Winner II which appears to have used the 95%-tile value from the CDF of the number of clusters assuming K-mean clustering algorithm for counting the number of clusters. For UMa NLOS case, the 90%-tile and maximum number of cluster measured from sources was observed to be aligned with the values in TR 38.901 v18.0.0. For UMa LOS and UMi LOS cases, the 90%-tile and maximum number of cluster measurements from sources was observed to be marginally higher than the values in TR38.901 v18.0.0 by 1 to 6 clusters. For InH LOS, InH NLOS, UMi NLOS, the 90%-tile and maximum number of cluster measurement from sources was observed to be marginally lower than the values in TR38.901 v18.0.0 by 1 to 6 clusters. For UMa LOS/NLOS, UMi LOS/NLOS, and InH LOS/NLOS cases, the mean number of cluster that were measured from sources were significantly lower than the values in TR38.901 v18.0.0.
For other fast fading channel model parameters not mentioned above, no observation and conclusions are made due to lack of measurement data inputs.
Beyond changes to the existing channel model, the following new components were added:
new deployment scenario, suburban macro (SMa),
new antenna model for handheld UT and consumer premise equipment (CPE) UT,
absolute time of arrival modeling for InH, UMi, UMa, RMa, and SMa,
possibility of changing the minimum number of intra-cluster rays in large bandwidth and large antenna array model,
number of cluster variability,
polarization power variability,
nearfield channel propagation (i.e., characteristics of spherical wavefront),
spatial non-stationarity modeling (i.e., antenna element-wise power variation) for BS and UT.
References
RP-234018, “New SID: Study on channel modelling enhancements for 7-24GHz for NR”, Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell, RAN#102, December 2023. |